{"id":1395,"date":"2008-03-05T18:50:01","date_gmt":"2008-03-05T17:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.plus.hr\/2008\/03\/05\/koristenje-hosts-file-a\/"},"modified":"2008-03-05T18:50:01","modified_gmt":"2008-03-05T17:50:01","slug":"koristenje-hosts-file-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plus.hr\/blog\/2008\/03\/05\/koristenje-hosts-file-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Hosts file – \u0161to je i kako ga koristiti za spremanje informacija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hosts file<\/strong> je file koji se koristi za spremanje informacija o tome gdje se koji “node” u nekoj ra\u010dunalnoj mre\u017ei nalazi. Ovaj file mapira hostname-ove na IP adrese. Koristi se kao dodatak ili zamjena za DNS<\/strong> na mre\u017eama. Za razliku od DNS-a, nalazi se pod kontrolom korisnika koji koristi ra\u010dunalo.<\/p>\n

\"Hosts<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u0160to je hosts file?<\/h2>\n

Nekad davno, postojao je ARPANET<\/strong> (prete\u010da Interneta kakvog danas znamo). On nije imao DNS<\/strong> koji je odre\u0111ivao gdje se nalazi koji “network node”. Zbog nepostojanja centraliziranog sustava za ovu namjenu, svaki “network node” je sadr\u017eavao svoju “mapu” drugih “network node-ova”. Imena tih “node-ova” bila su pamtljiva obi\u010dnom korisniku.<\/p>\n

Veli\u010dina samog ARPANETA je bila pogodna za kori\u0161tenje hosts fileova<\/a>. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i slu\u010daj je da je “network node<\/strong>” imao jednu adresu ali je mogao imati vi\u0161e imena. Kako su individualne TCP\/IP mre\u017ee postajale sve popularnije, hosts file se je pove\u0107avao. Odr\u017eavanje tog hosts file-a polako postajalo no\u0107na mora svakog sistem administratora.<\/p>\n

Lokacije i standardni sadr\u017eaj:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Windows\u00a0NT, 2000, XP,\u00a0 Vista,\u00a0 7, 8, 10<\/td>\n%SystemRoot%\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Linux i drugi Unix-oidni operativni sustavi:<\/td>\n\/etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mac OS X 10.2\u00a0i noviji<\/td>\n\/etc\/hosts
\n(simboli\u010dni link na \/private\/etc\/hosts)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Android<\/td>\n\/etc\/hosts
\n(simboli\u010dni link na \/system\/etc\/hosts)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
iOS 2.0 i noviji<\/td>\n\/etc\/hosts
\n(simboli\u010dni link na \/private\/etc\/hosts)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Mobile, Windows Phone<\/td>\nRegistry key pod HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Comm\\Tcpip\\Hosts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

%WinDir% i %SystemRoot% su putanje do windows foldera <\/em><\/p>\n

U Windowsima, standardni hosts file je u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva prazan ili sadr\u017ei neaktivne (zakomentirane) linije od kojih je zadnja:<\/p>\n

127.0.0.1 localhost<\/p>\n

Primjer tipi\u010dnog hosts file-a na Windows ra\u010dunalu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Copyright (c) 1993-1999 Microsoft Corp.\n#\n# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP\/IP for Windows.\n#\n# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each\n# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should\n# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.\n# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one\n# space.\n#\n# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual\n# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.<\/code> 127.0.0.1 localhost #Primjer: 89.201.164.100 plus.hr www.plus.hr #Dakle, prva stvar \u0161to radimo je da upi\u0161emo IP adresu servera, u na\u0161em #slu\u010daju, IP adresa servera na kojem se nalazi www.plus.hr je #89.201.164.100. # Nakon toga upisujemo plus.hr i www.plus.hr . #To govori ra\u010dunalu da se i http:\/\/plus.hr i http:\/\/www.plus.hr nalaze na #ip adresi 89.201.164.100 . # Tekst ispred kojeg se nalazi znak \"#\" govori ra\u010dunalu da je ta linija #zakomentirana i ne\u0107e biti uzeta u obzir prilikom pretra\u017eivanja file-a. ---------------------------------------------------------------<\/pre>\n
Na isti na\u010din se dodaju stavke na linux strojevima.<\/em><\/p>\n
Za\u0161to je dobro koristiti hosts file?<\/h3>\n
Situacija 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Zamislite ovu situaciju! Imate domenu i web stranice kod nekog hosting providera. Razvijate i nove stranice na Va\u0161em ra\u010dunalu (lokalno) na koji ste instalirali neki od web servera ( Apache, IIS, itd…). \u017delite kada u Va\u0161 internet browser upi\u0161ete ime Va\u0161e domene, da se domena otvara sa Va\u0161eg ra\u010dunala, a ne sa servera od Va\u0161eg hosting providera.<\/p>\n
Situacija 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Mijenjate hosting providera i prije same promjene name servera Va\u0161e domene se \u017eelite uvjeriti da \u0107e Va\u0161e web stranice raditi savr\u0161eno na serverima novog hosting providera<\/a>. U hosts file upi\u0161ete IP adresu novog servera i ime Va\u0161e domene, kao \u0161to je napisano u gornjem primjeru. Upisivanjem imena Va\u0161e domene u internet browser, stranice se otvaraju s novog servera (novog hosting providera), a ne sa servera koji je odre\u0111en DNS-om.<\/p>\n
Ako koristite hosts file<\/strong> za testiranje nemojte zaboraviti ukloniti ili zakomentirati testnu liniju prije pristupanja “\u017eivom” serveru. Ova linija utje\u010de i na mail klijente, ftp, web te sve ostale programe koji poku\u0161avaju pristupiti va\u0161oj domeni.<\/p>\n
Postoje li neka ograni\u010denja u kori\u0161tenju hosts file-a?<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Nije dopu\u0161teno koristiti “wildcards” domain unose, prepoznaje samo puno ime domene.<\/li>\n
  • Direktoriji i fajlovi na nekom sajtu nisu podr\u017eani !<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Primjer:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    89.201.164.100 plus.hr www.plus.hr – je ispravan unos.
    \n89.201.164.100 plus.hr\/domene\/ www.plus.hr\/domene\/ – je neispravan unos.<\/p>\n
    Budu\u0107i da je hosts tekstualni file, bilo kakvo \u010ditanje, pisanje ili kreiranje bi trebalo biti izvr\u0161eno s Notepadom ili nekim drugim text editorom.\u00a0Ako Va\u0161e ra\u010dunalo nema kreiran hosts file, mo\u017eete koristiti Notepad da biste ga kreirali. Kada ga kreirate, pobrinite se da ga spremite bez ekstenzije.<\/p>\n
    Da biste ga spremili bez dodatnih ekstenzija (Notepad automatski dodaje .txt ekstenziju) spremite taj file kao : “hosts” – s upisanim navodnicima.<\/p>\n
    Ako hosts file ve\u0107 postoji na Va\u0161em ra\u010dunalu, on \u0107e biti automatski pregledan tijekom kori\u0161tenja bilo kojeg procesa koji koristi TCP\/IP komunikaciju. Pretraga hosts filea se vr\u0161i prije bilo kojeg poku\u0161aja kontaktiranja DNS-a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Hosts file je file koji se koristi za spremanje informacija o tome gdje se koji “node” u nekoj ra\u010dunalnoj mre\u017ei nalazi. Ovaj file mapira hostname-ove na IP adrese. Koristi se kao dodatak ili zamjena za DNS na mre\u017eama. Za razliku od DNS-a, nalazi se pod kontrolom korisnika koji koristi ra\u010dunalo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[41,120,146,159,268],"class_list":["post-1395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administracija-servera","tag-alati","tag-hosts","tag-linux","tag-migracija","tag-windows"],"yoast_head":"\nHosts file: \u0161to je i kako ga koristiti - Plus Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hosts file se koristi kao dodatak ili zamjena za DNS na mre\u017eama. 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